Micro-Computed Tomography, or micro-CT, provides a non-destructive method for visualizing the internal structures of small laboratory animals. This form of in vivo imaging is valued for its ability to generate high-resolution, three-dimensional data without the need for terminal procedures. The technology behind a small animal in vivo imaging system like micro-CT relies on the same fundamental principles as clinical CT scanners, but is optimized for much smaller subjects, enabling detailed longitudinal studies.
The Foundation of X-Ray Absorption
The process begins by placing an anesthetized animal within the small animal in vivo imaging system. A micro-focus X-ray tube rotates around the subject, emitting a cone-shaped beam. As these X-rays pass through the animal, dense tissues such as bone absorb more radiation than softer tissues. A digital detector on the opposite side captures the remaining X-rays, creating a two-dimensional projection image that represents variations in tissue density.
Creating a 3D Model from 2D Projections
This single projection is insufficient for a 3D model. As the X-ray source and detector rotate, they capture hundreds of these projection images from different angles. Sophisticated computer algorithms then process this large dataset. Using a mathematical procedure called filtered back projection, the software reconstructs the cross-sectional slices through the animal. Each slice is a detailed map of X-ray attenuation at a specific plane.
The Role of Contrast and Resolution in Image Clarity
While excellent for visualizing skeletal structures, soft tissue contrast in micro-CT can be limited. To overcome this, intravenous or intraperitoneal contrast agents containing high-atomic-number elements like iodine are often administered. These agents absorb X-rays more effectively, highlighting vascular systems or specific organs. The high resolution of a small animal in vivo imaging system, often on the micron scale, allows researchers to monitor minute changes in bone morphology or tumor development over time.
The detailed anatomical data produced by micro-CT makes it a powerful component of modern in vivo imaging workflows. It provides quantitative, volumetric information that is crucial for preclinical research in fields like oncology and osteoporosis. For scientists who rely on this data, BPLabLine offers calibration and performance verification services for these sophisticated imaging systems, helping to ensure the integrity of acquired data.
